Journal articles
Closing the gender gap in patenting: Evidence from a randomized control trial at the USPTO
(with deGrazia C., Pappas P., Teodorescu M., Toole A.), American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 2025
The Artificial Intelligence Patent Dataset (AIPD) 2023 update
(with Giczy A., Torres G., Islam Erana T., Finlayson M., Toole A.), The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2025
Procrastination or incomplete data? An analysis of USPTO examiner search activity
(with Giczy A., deGrazia C.), Research Policy, 2024
Patent eligibility after Alice: Evidence from USPTO patent examination
(with Frumkin J., Tesfayesus A., Toole A.), Journal of Economics & Management Strategy, 2024
Discovering value: Women's participation in university and commercial AI invention
(with Giczy A., Toole A.), Nature Biotechnology, 2024
Reproducibility in Management Science
(Member of the Management Science Reproducibility Collaboration, with Fisar M., Greiner B., Huber C., Katok E.), Management Science, 2023
Identifying artificial intelligence (AI) invention: A novel AI patent dataset
(with Giczy A., Toole A.), Journal of Technology Transfer, 2021
(with deGrazia C., Teodorescu M.), Research Policy, 2021
The promise of machine learning for patent landscaping
(with Toole A., Giczy A.), Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal, 2020
Embracing invention similarity for the measurement of vertically overlapping claims
(with deGrazia C., Frumkin J.), Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 2019
Policy reports
(with Toole A., Giczy A., Torres G., Woldemaryam A., Momper A., Frumkin J., Boveja N., Poon P., Collins T., Michener J.), United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2025
Diagnosing COVID-19: A perspective from U.S. patenting activity
(with Toole A., Frumkin J., Giczy A., et al.), United States Patent and Trademark Office, 2023
USPTO pilot program reduced gender disparities in patenting
(with deGrazia C., Pappas P., Teodorescu M., Toole A.), United States Patent and Trademark Office, Intellectual Property Economic Note, No. 102, 2022
Inventing AI: Tracing artificial intelligence with U.S. patents
(with Toole A., Giczy A., et al.), United States Patent and Trademark Office, Intellectual Property Data Highlights, 2020
Adjusting to Alice: USPTO patent examination outcomes after Alice Corp. v. CLS Bank International
(with Toole A.), United States Patent and Trademark Office, Intellectual Property Data Highlights, 2020
Book chapters and conference proceedings
Patents and the independent inventor lifecycle
(with deGrazia C., Pappas P., Teodorescu M., Toole A.), Academy of Management Best Papers and Proceedings, 2022
Using intellectual property data to measure cross border knowledge flows
(with Dubbert J., Giczy A., Toole A.), Trade in Knowledge: Intellectual Property, Trade and Development in a Transformed Global Economy, Cambridge University Press, 2022
Technology life cycle for U.S. currency security features
(with Surko S., Moffett A., Moldover F.), The Proceedings of the Optical Document Security Conference, 2020
Working papers and research in progress
Challenges facing independent inventors: Do patents help?
(with deGrazia C., Pappas P., Teodorescu M., Toole A.), Revise and resubmit (Management Science)